If you modify a program to better fit your site, you probably want to include your modifications when the next release of the program arrives. CVS can help you with this task.
In the terminology used in CVS, the supplier of the program is called a vendor. The unmodified distribution from the vendor is checked in on its own branch, the vendor branch. CVS reserves branch 1.1.1 for this use.
When you modify the source and commit it, your revision will end up on the main trunk. When a new release is made by the vendor, you commit it on the vendor branch and copy the modifications onto the main trunk.
Use the import command to create and update
the vendor branch. When you import a new file,
the vendor branch is made the `head' revision, so
anyone that checks out a copy of the file gets that
revision. When a local modification is committed it is
placed on the main trunk, and made the `head'
revision.
Use the import command to check in the sources
for the first time. When you use the import
command to track third-party sources, the vendor
tag and release tags are useful. The
vendor tag is a symbolic name for the branch
(which is always 1.1.1, unless you use the `-b
branch' flag---See section Multiple vendor branches.). The
release tags are symbolic names for a particular
release, such as `FSF_0_04'.
Note that import does not change the
directory in which you invoke it. In particular, it
does not set up that directory as a CVS working
directory; if you want to work with the sources import
them first and then check them out into a different
directory (see section Getting the source).
Suppose you have the sources to a program called
wdiff in a directory `wdiff-0.04',
and are going to make private modifications that you
want to be able to use even when new releases are made
in the future. You start by importing the source to
your repository:
$ cd wdiff-0.04 $ cvs import -m "Import of FSF v. 0.04" fsf/wdiff FSF_DIST WDIFF_0_04
The vendor tag is named `FSF_DIST' in the above example, and the only release tag assigned is `WDIFF_0_04'.
When a new release of the source arrives, you import it into the
repository with the same import command that you used to set up
the repository in the first place. The only difference is that you
specify a different release tag this time.
$ tar xfz wdiff-0.05.tar.gz $ cd wdiff-0.05 $ cvs import -m "Import of FSF v. 0.05" fsf/wdiff FSF_DIST WDIFF_0_05
For files that have not been modified locally, the newly created
revision becomes the head revision. If you have made local
changes, import will warn you that you must merge the changes
into the main trunk, and tell you to use `checkout -j' to do so.
$ cvs checkout -jFSF_DIST:yesterday -jFSF_DIST wdiff
The above command will check out the latest revision of `wdiff', merging the changes made on the vendor branch `FSF_DIST' since yesterday into the working copy. If any conflicts arise during the merge they should be resolved in the normal way (see section Conflicts example). Then, the modified files may be committed.
Using a date, as suggested above, assumes that you do not import more than one release of a product per day. If you do, you can always use something like this instead:
$ cvs checkout -jWDIFF_0_04 -jWDIFF_0_05 wdiff
In this case, the two above commands are equivalent.
You can also revert local changes completely and return to the latest vendor release by changing the `head' revision back to the vendor branch on all files. For example, if you have a checked-out copy of the sources in `~/work.d/wdiff', and you want to revert to the vendor's version for all the files in that directory, you would type:
$ cd ~/work.d/wdiff $ cvs admin -bWDIFF .
You must specify the `-bWDIFF' without any space after the `-b'. See section admin options.
Use the `-k' wrapper option to tell import which files are binary. See section The cvswrappers file.
The sources which you are importing may contain keywords (see section Keyword substitution). For example, the vendor may use CVS or some other system which uses similar keyword expansion syntax. If you just import the files in the default fashion, then the keyword expansions supplied by the vendor will be replaced by keyword expansions supplied by your own copy of CVS. It may be more convenient to maintain the expansions supplied by the vendor, so that this information can supply information about the sources that you imported from the vendor.
To maintain the keyword expansions supplied by the
vendor, supply the `-ko' option to cvs
import the first time you import the file.
This will turn off keyword expansion
for that file entirely, so if you want to be more
selective you'll have to think about what you want
and use the `-k' option to cvs update or
cvs admin as appropriate.
All the examples so far assume that there is only one vendor from which you are getting sources. In some situations you might get sources from a variety of places. For example, suppose that you are dealing with a project where many different people and teams are modifying the software. There are a variety of ways to handle this, but in some cases you have a bunch of source trees lying around and what you want to do more than anything else is just to all put them in CVS so that you at least have them in one place.
For handling situations in which there may be more than
one vendor, you may specify the `-b' option to
cvs import. It takes as an argument the vendor
branch to import to. The default is `-b 1.1.1'.
For example, suppose that there are two teams, the red team and the blue team, that are sending you sources. You want to import the red team's efforts to branch 1.1.1 and use the vendor tag RED. You want to import the blue team's efforts to branch 1.1.3 and use the vendor tag BLUE. So the commands you might use are:
$ cvs import dir RED RED_1-0 $ cvs import -b 1.1.3 dir BLUE BLUE_1-5
Note that if your vendor tag does not match your `-b' option, CVS will not detect this case! For example,
$ cvs import -b 1.1.3 dir RED RED_1-0
Be careful; this kind of mismatch is sure to sow confusion or worse. I can't think of a useful purpose for the ability to specify a mismatch here, but if you discover such a use, don't. CVS is likely to make this an error in some future release.
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